Such civilian and commercial effects testing was done with many of the atomic tests of Operation Greenhouse on Eniwetok Atoll, Operation Upshot-Knothole and Operation Teapot at the site. Operation Cue tested civil defense measures. Many kinds of vehicles (ranging from cars to aircraft), nuclear-fallout and standard bomb-shelters, public-utility stations and other building structures and equipment were placed at measured distances away from 'ground zero', the spot on the surface immediately under or over the center of the blast. Testing of the various effects of detonation of nuclear weapons was carried out during above-ground tests. This model two-story house was constructed 10,500 feet (3,200 m) away from the ground-zero of the Apple-2 nuclear test. MSTS is a joint venture of Honeywell International Inc., Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., and HII Nuclear, Inc. MSTS manages and operates the site for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The site contains 28 areas, 1,100 buildings, 400 miles (640 km) of paved roads, 300 miles of unpaved roads, 10 heliports, and two airstrips.Ĭurrently, Mission Support and Test Services (MSTS) is the civilian contractor for the site's management and oversees overall operations. A further 828 nuclear tests were carried out underground.įrom 1986 through 1994, two years after the United States put a hold on full-scale nuclear weapons testing, 536 anti-nuclear protests were held at the site, involving 37,488 participants and 15,740 arrests, according to government records. Increases in cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, bone cancer, brain tumors, and gastrointestinal tract cancers, were reported from the mid-1950s onward. Westerly winds routinely carried the fallout from above-ground nuclear testing directly through St. The city of Las Vegas experienced noticeable seismic effects, and the mushroom clouds, which could be seen from the downtown hotels, became tourist attractions. Many of the iconic images of the nuclear era come from the site.ĭuring the 1950s, the mushroom clouds from the 100 atmospheric tests could be seen from almost 100 mi (160 km) away.

Over the subsequent four decades, over 1,000 nuclear explosions were detonated at the site. Nuclear weapons testing at the site began with a 1-kiloton-of-TNT (4.2 TJ) bomb dropped on Frenchman Flat on January 27, 1951. It covers approximately 1,360 square miles (3,500 km 2) of desert and mountainous terrain. Formerly known as the Nevada Proving Grounds, the site was established in 1951 for the testing of nuclear devices. The Nevada National Security Site ( N2S2 or NNSS), known as the Nevada Test Site ( NTS) until 2010, is a United States Department of Energy (DOE) reservation located in southeastern Nye County, Nevada, about 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the city of Las Vegas.

Atomic bomb test site